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Frequency characteristics of RIAA
A is a transfer function that describes the frequency characteristics of the RIAA. It uses an inverse Laplace transform, A_inv=1/A. Typically, a shift of 20 dB is needed at 0 Hz, and a correction factor of one-tenth is used. The transfer function will look like Laplace=(s*T1+1)*(s*T3+1) and its inverse Laplace transform will look like Laplace=(s*S*T3+1)*Laplace.
The RIAA-defined curve conforms to within 0.1 dB between 20 Hz and 20 kHz. Noise and THD data are included in Table 2. The response spectrum of an RIAA-compliance cartridge should be flat, but slight deviations are noticeable by the human ear.
The RIAA characteristic was first developed for the US recording industry, but it was quickly adopted around the world. It was later included in the IEC 98 standard which was published 1964. The IEC standard now known as IEC 60098 defines RIAA frequency characteristics and also describes the characteristics of microgroove records.
RIAA channel separation
The RIAA uses a standardized method to determine channel separation. There are four options for discs on the SG-5070 Adapter Board. The RIAA Equalization is designed to produce a uniform response spectrum. Any deviations in this spectrum can easily be seen by eye. The RIAA also uses an output filter to reduce high frequency noise.
RIAA frequency response
In 1953, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) introduced its first equalization curve. Before this, several curves were used for measuring a record's response. These curves are now obsolete, but RIAA's curve is the norm.
The RIAA curve does not require a lot of effort to implement. Historically, hi-fi preamplifiers had built-in phono preamplifiers with the RIAA characteristic, but today, most hi-fi designs do not have phonograph inputs. There are add-on phono amplifiers with the standard RIAA curve. Modern turntables come with built-in amplifier circuits. A wide range of RIAA curves can be handled by phonopreamplifiers.
Stereo Lab equalization is another technique that's similar to RIAA. This equalization technique uses an under-damped fourthorder filter. The technique also uses a 20Hz turn-over. It fades rapidly as frequency decreases.